To address the challenges facing societies in transition—emerging diseases, climate change, lifestyle changes and rapid technological innovation—health research and education must evolve. An interdisciplinary approach is essential to tackle the complexity of these novel scientific and public health issues. The graduate program “Therapeutic Innovations and Environmental and Societal Transitions in Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases” trains experts to understand health determinants and develop innovative therapeutic and preventive strategies. It is based on three pillars: One Health, highlighting links between human, animal and environmental health, including exposome and socio-exposome and the right to a health-supportive environment;  Precision Health, which perzonalises care using biological, clinical and environmental data, fostering digital health and AI while raising ethical and regulatory issues; finally an interdisciplinary framework integrating health law, health economics, social and environmental sciences to design sustainable, effective and socially responsible solutions to improve population health.